Intellectual Property of Olivia Stuard Jewelry
Enjoy the history!
This is Part 1 of our history on pearls; stay tuned because later in the week, we will post Part 2, which includes tips on purchasing authentic pearls.
Pearls have such a rich history because they were the oldest known “gem” according to some historians. It wasn’t until about the 16th century that we learned how to cut and facet gem stones. One of the reasons Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 BC was to obtain freshwater pearls. Since ancient times the pearl has been a symbol of unblemished perfection, a symbol of the moon with mystical powers. In classical Rome, only persons above a certain rank were allowed to wear pearl jewelry. In Latin, the word for pearl literally means “unique”, attesting to the fact that no two pearls are identical. The word “pearl” appeared in the English language in the 14th Century. Pearls during the 13th and 14th century were very fashionable in Europe as personal ornaments, however, again only a certain rank of individuals could wear them. Teachers and lawyers, for example, could not.
Incas and Aztecs prized pearls for their beauty and magical powers. Spanish explorers found natives in possession of rich pearl fisheries. For many years, European cities like Seville and Cadiz became known as the land where pearls came from.
Native Americans of the Atlantic coastal areas and the Mississippi River were the first to collect and use U.S. freshwater mussel pearls and shells. Throughout history certain cultures have placed little or no value on pearls and have instead valued luminescent Mother of Pearl from mollusk shells. Before the 19th Century Japanese shell divers who found pearls did not bother to keep them, focusing instead on Mother of Pearl. Polynesian children are said at one time to have used pearls as marbles.
During Renaissance Europe, established trade routes made pearls more available than ever before. New trade centers in Lisbon and Seville overflowed with pearls from India, the Persian Gulf and the Caribbean.
By the dawn of the 20th Century people in Europe and the U.S. began wearing pearls for less formal occasions – a fashion that continues today. Japanese cultured pearls first reached European and U.S. markets in the 1950s. A handful of designers, most notably Gabrielle Coco Chanel, embraced them. Cultured pearls did not become as popular until the 1950s.